I think I'm probably the only other regular Linux user here, and I've never had a fast enough connection to want to rate-limit it. So I'm not going to be able to say anything useful about that.
If the line has suddenly gone unstable, this suggests a line fault, an internal wiring fault, a faulty filter or a major new interference source. As it's only happened to one of your two lines it's probably not interference. The fact that they differ considerably in attenuation rather supports the idea that it's a line fault (although it's not impossible for the two lines to follow different routes to the exchange). If you haven't already done so, swap your filters over to make sure they're not to blame.
If you have NTE5 master sockets, then remove the faceplate and connect to the test socket inside to eliminate any internal wiring from the connection. If it's now stable then you have a problem with the internal wiring.
If you use a telephone on the unstable line is there any audible hiss or crackling? You can dial 17070 and select the quiet line test from the menu. If you can hear any noise then report it as a voice fault (dial 150).