Unless you particularly want Adobe Reader, I think the best suggestion may be to forget it......it is a resource hog, and as you have discovered it is a pain to download and install.
IMHO, better to go to
http://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf/reader/ and download and install Foxit Reader..........it does exactly the same job, is a fraction of the size, is very light on resources and installs without a murmur. Oh, and it's free..
All round better programme....give it a go and you will not look back...
If Adobe Reader is a must for you, do not try to download/install from Adobe........that gives the problems you have encountered, Adobe is notorious for this.
Better to go to a clean dowload site such as
http://www.filehippo.com/download_adobe_reader/..............save the installer file to your desktop, then run it and install when "offline" .
But Foxit is a better prog.