My very limited understanding is that when current flows through muscles the muscles involuntarily contract, which might be why the lady described her hand ‘being stuck to the plug’. I think it’s quite common when getting a major shock, for such muscle contraction to cause the victim to be unable to let go of an object.
With an RCD, the current will trip the circuit at about 30mA, well within the range of currents that will pass through flesh at 230V. The RCD also trips pretty well immediately, a few tens of mS at most, hopefully before serious damage occurs.
Without an RCD, or if the RCD is defective, the circuit is still protected by various fuses, but rated at 100-1000 to times the current that trips an RCD. It is pretty much inconceivable that 230V applied to human flesh would ever generate enough current to blow such a fuse so the victim remains connected, possibly unable to let go, until serious injury or death results.
As to the amputation in this case, the local rag article seems to suggest that was actually a result of the wound becoming infected, rather than a direct result of the electric shock.