From the dnsmasq man page:
--neg-ttl=<time>
Negative replies from upstream servers normally contain time-to-live information in SOA records which dnsmasq uses for caching. If the replies from
upstream servers omit this information, dnsmasq does not cache the reply. This option gives a default value for time-to-live (in seconds) which
dnsmasq uses to cache negative replies even in the absence of an SOA record.