Obviously, with 2SV you can sign in on any browser, verified by a text message. You configure a list of different phones, including landlines if desired. Then when trying to log in, you choose which one should receive the message.
Once you have set up 2sv, you can configure “App specific passwords”. These are strong machine generated passwords, that provide access to restricted parts of the google account, without exchanging text messages.
For example, I have a script that runs daily on a linux box, backing up my google mail accounts. To make that work, and allow it to connect without receiving a text message, I created another app specific password, solely used by the script. It also means the linux box does not need to “know” my personal google password, so cannot leak it.
For a while I used thunderbird mail on my iMac, and that too had its own password. If there is ever a concern that an App specific password has been compromised, for example if my linux box had been stolen by burglars, I can revoke that one password without affecting anything else.
Using the native Apple mail app in modern iOS devices you don’t even need App specific passwords. They are able to validate that the physical device in your hands provides the second verification step, I honestly can’t remember the details.