Another interesting snippet about the carrier cables is that pairs 1&2 never appeared above ground and were used for defence circuits. When the rest of the cable popped up into a repeater station, pairs 1&2 used buried amplifiers (by buried, I mean a pressurised steel case sitting in the bottom of a manhole). When the cables were converted to EDL8, pairs 1&2 remained below ground and were used to connect the EMSS (Emergency Manual Switchboard System) used for civil defence in the cold war. Because 120 phone circuits was a lot of capacity to lose just to dedicate the use for the EMSS, there were 2 terminal installations of the EDL8 kit, one in the basement of exchanges and one in the normal repeater station. Normal operation was for the system to be switched to the terminal upstairs via the basement terminal, but if necessary the upstairs terminal could be disconnected.