When I first started on the railway we used that type of joint on the carriage wiring
.
That one in the photo looks like it's got PVC tape on it we used the old black cloth tape type and painted the joints under the carriage with tar to water proof them and the cable was held with wooden cleats.
Then crimps came out, UN-insulated ones first ( I still have a tin full of them and only used one a few weeks a go to extend our cooker cable, crimped it and then soldered it and insulated it).