I'm not vanished!
All questions I saw so far, are already answered by the document I linked to. No need to write the same stuff here again, sorry guys.
For illustration:
That was some hefty right up, so since we can resign we can now edit rootfs? That would sure be useful.
Summary from the linked document: We still need the private key used by tp-link to sign a firmware in way that it is accepted by the firmware upgrade webpage.
Regarding the mkresin's method of hex editing the firmware header, it seems much easier, but I guess I´ll have to edit future fw upgrades and I don´t know if it will work then.
As written in my first post, you need to change the header values to values that match the currently running firmware. If you already run a 9980 firmware and you want to flash a new 9980 firmware, you don't need to do anything.
According to his notes he was able to edit lib/libcmm.so and resigning + reflashing the firmware. It even mentions "patches applied; rootfs "
The patches applied + rootfs stuff is openwrt specific as indicated by the term "openwrt image".
As long as the bootloader does not validate the signature, you can write nearly any image you like directly to the flash and boot it. Either via the bootloader or via a flash programmer.
That limitation is fine, I would just like to make small edits eventually. Nice to know it is possible.
Wish list:
Auto killing all the junk that starts in the background
Making syslogd actually log useful things
A drop in SSHD replacement (with SFTP)
Add missing common tools like grep / or updated busybox.
Questionable WiFi tweaks
You should really consider using a 3rd party firmware like openwrt instead of of patching the stock firmware. Replacing busybox and sshd is a bit more than small edits.