If you are in sync then yes, generally its gradual. For example on my very short copper line:
12:00Max: Upstream rate = 31461 Kbps, Downstream rate = 91304 Kbps
Bearer: 0, Upstream rate = 20000 Kbps, Downstream rate = 79987 Kbps
Down Up
SNR (dB): 9.3 14.0
Attn(dB): 14.1 0.0
Pwr(dBm): 13.8 5.1
0:00Max: Upstream rate = 31986 Kbps, Downstream rate = 91544 Kbps
Bearer: 0, Upstream rate = 20000 Kbps, Downstream rate = 79987 Kbps
Down Up
SNR (dB): 9.4 14.6
Attn(dB): 14.1 0.0
Pwr(dBm): 13.8 5.1
I would imagine on a longer/partly alu line the difference will be considerably magnified.
Of course if you trigger a re-sync then the change can be dramatic as the modem has completely recalibrated. At these sorts of speeds just re-syncing can easily be a Megabit difference either way.