Hi DSEWard,
The good thing is that you are free to do whatever you wish from your side of the external box.
Your plan to disconnect the wiring at the external point and install a new socket of some description on the inside is a good start.
You can buy an internal NTE5. As the required master socket components are installed externally you can just cut all the components on the internal NTE5 and then replace the bottom half of the NTE5 with an integral filter faceplate such as the one manufactured by ADSL Nation, shown here:-
http://www.adslnation.com/products/xte2005.phpOther ways can achieve similar results. E.g. this device will do all you require without any other modifications:-
http://www.adslnation.com/products/xtf.phpRegarding the other extension sockets they all require one twisted pair connected to pins 2 and 5. The pair in either of the new faceplates will provide the correct signal to feed to any others you need. However I wouldn't connect up more sockets that you actually wish to use.
Any single wire cannot work so should be removed as should any ring-wires sometimes found on pin 3 in any of the sockets. All extension sockets should be slave ones without any components fitted.
I hope that helps but please ask again if you are not sure.
Kind regards,
Walter