With an NTE5 master socket, all your telephone extensions are connected to the removable faceplate. So when you remove the faceplate and connect to the test socket inside, all your internal extension wiring is disconnected so you can be sure that it isn't influencing the ADSL performance. If you get poor performance normally, but good performance when connected to the test socket, it's a good indication that your extension wiring is at fault, or is picking up a lot of local interference.
BT will generally charge you for replacing the master socket, unless you can find a friendly BT engineer to do it for you quietly.