Let me try to put together a purely fictitious example . . .
Consider a very small telephone exchange (back in the early 1970s it would have been an UAX13, today it is a System X remote concentrator) located in village A. It provides a telephone service to residents of village A and also that of the next adjacent village, B. Villages A & B are 3 kilometres apart. There are no PCPs associated with that exchange; all residents (of both villages) are connected by "exchange only" lines. For this example, we will concentrate on two properties in each village. The two in village A, EU-A1 and EU-A2, are the immediate, next door, neighbours to the exchange building. The two in village B, EU-B1 and EU-B2, are next door neighbours, by the duck-pond.
In the beginning, the only means of Internet access was by a dial-up service. EU-A1, -A2, -B1 and -B2 all had equally performing dial-up services.
Then a G.992.1 based broadband service became available from the exchange. Due to the relative distances from the exchange building, EU-A1 and EU-A2 obtained the full 8 Mbps DS for their broadband services whilst EU-B1 and EU-B2, being 3 km distant from the exchange, only obtained 3.5 Mbps DS for their broadband services.
Eventually money was found so that AIO cabinets could be installed in both villages, one outside the exchange building in village A and the other near to the duck-pond in village B. (Both of those AIO cabinets are fed from a fibre head-end exchange in the nearest major town, a long way away.) The new G.993.2 (VDSL2) service is announced as available to residents in both villages. In village A, EU-A1 is quite happy with his (exchange based) G.992.1 service and so does not upgrade. His next door neighbour, EU-A2, does upgrade and chooses the 80/20 Mbps DS/US service.Over in village B, EU-B1 looks at the estimated speed for the new service and she decide to upgrade to the G.993.2 (VDSL2) service. Her neighbour, EU-B2 decides that the current G.992.1 service is perfectly good enough for all that he requires (sending e-mail messages, etc).
All four residents occasionally meet together. Their conversation eventually turns to their respective broadband services. EU-A1 and EU-B2 still have the same throughput speed as when the first (exchange based) broadband service became available. EU-A2 boasts that his throughput speed has increased by nearly a factor of ten. (Originally 8 Mbps DS synchronisation speed; now a 80 Mbps DS synchronisation speed.) EU-B1 sulks because, although she is the same distance from the AIO cabinet in village B as EU-A2 is from the AIO cabinet in village A, she does not get the same throughput speed as EU-A2. ("'Snot fair! I pay the same as you.", etc, etc.)
The reason for the difference between the DS throughput speeds obtained by EU-A2 and EU-B1 is down the the power cut-back of the respective G.993.2 transceivers in each cabinet. The transceiver of the AIO cabinet in village A has a minimal (or no) power cut-back. The transceiver of the AIO cabinet in village B has a significant power cut-back.