Hmm the PS1 mystery component... Looks like a capacitor doesn't it? I'm no electronics genius by any means but I know some fundamentals. There are 'spark gap' capacitors that are used for surge protection, but they usually have a slit cut in the top, allowing current to arc across during a surge.
Interestingly the older NTE2000/2005 faceplates have 2 of these components as well, unlike the 'MK1' VDSL offering:
I have just seen the MK2 come up on eBay and with me being me, my curiosity has gotten the better of me, and money has been exchanged. I wonder what effect it'll have on my plain old ADSL2+ line if any. I'm particularly interested in observing any changes in SNRm drops that happen in the evening (which tend to be about a 2.5dB drop, from 6dB to 3.5dB at worst). I'm on TalkTalk LLU and the line has a 13dB attenuation as the exchange is only a few houses down the road. Our NTE5/A is the latest one with no surge arrestor and the filter in use is the Pressac VDSL SSFP (on another note I have seen another OR branded, embossed, not printed, VDSL SSFP made by LPT Technology - the PCB layout is different but the components look the same).